These rodents live in tropical and subtropical rainforests, distributed in forest patches within savannahs and lowland Atlantic Forest, from sea level to about 700 m altitude. This species is common in closed habitats in eastern Bolivia and central Brazil, always in areas where there is abundant vegetation and normally always very close to water.
Its body is elongated and slender, it has a short, hard coat and a small tail that is easy to distinguish. It is a diurnal animal that usually lives in pairs, in a territory that is defended by the male. Although fruit is their preferred food, agoutis have sharp incisors that allow them to break hard nut shells. When fruit and nuts are not available to eat, they feed on alternative sources such as fungi, insects and plants. They are great runners and very good swimmers.